Background Surgical castration therapy is the main method for the treatment of early prostate cancer, but most cancer-related deaths in patients who have received previous surgical treatment are caused by local recurrence and remote metastasis. There is increasing evidence that anesthetic factors have the potential to affect long-term outcome after cancer surgery. Objective To discuss the research advances and potential mechanisms of the effects of various anesthetic factors on metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer. Content This article summarizes the effect of surgical castration therapy on metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer, on the other hand, describes the effects of anesthesia techniques and various anesthetic agents on metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer, the mechanism of action and the latest research progress. Trend During the perioperative period, some anesthesia factors may increase the risk of postoperative tumor metastasis and recurrence. Emphasize the mechanism of various factors influencing the metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer deeply while optimize perioperative management.