Background Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) is a major risk in the whole perioperative period, it is closely related with the patient's own factors, anesthesiaand operation process, and by using the perioperative lung protective strategies can effectively improve the postoperative pulmonary oxygenation and better prognosisin patients. Objective To distinguish the patients with high risk of PPCs before operation and review recent advances in perioperative lung protection strategies. Content Currently clinical small tidal volume ventilation,positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP),recruitment maneuver strategy (RMs) are widely applied in the protection of lung function,and the effect of acupoint stimulation and permissive hypercapnia on lung protection has been continued to study. The exploration for different patients using the appropriate clinical lung protective strategies has been a continuously research question. Trend Lung protection strategy should be used more in patients with high risk of pulmonary complications during perioperative period.