Background　In recent years, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in our country is increasing, which is a serious threat to the health of elderly people. There are a large number of patients with cerebral disease who have to undergo the procedures of thrombectomy. During thrombectomy, ischemia-reperfusion injury may occur to the brain of patients. Therefore, brain protection has become a research target in modern medicine. Sevoflurane postconditioning has been widely used in clinical practice owing to the properties of high controllability and safety, and studies have demonstrated that it confers cerebral protection, probably partially through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.　Objective　To review the effect of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in sevoflurane postconditioning mediated cerebral protection.　Content　Summary of the structure and function of mitochondria, mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the possible mechanism of sevoflurane postconditioning mediated cerebral protection, as well as their relationship.　Trend　Sevoflurane postconditioning is able to improve the cerebral function via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which benefits to the treatments for cerebral disease, but its specific mechanism is still unclear, we still need further study for its application in long term.