Background　Cardiovascular diseases have been a serious threat to human health in the world, which encompass vast majority of morbidity and mortality. Although the application of thrombolytic technology has improved the prognosis of patients, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) cannot be ignored.　Objective　To provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of myocardial I/RI by summarizing research advances on nerve growth factor (NGF) and its related receptors.　Content　NGF not only plays a role in recovering cardiac function after myocardial I/RI, but also causes aggravation of cardiac function through inflammatory reaction and other mechanisms.　Trend　The effects of NGF on myocardial I/RI and the related mechanisms need to be studied, which aims to decrease the morbidity and mortality of myocardial I/RI.