Injection pain caused by propofol and rocuronium is a troublesome and its mechanism has not been completely understood. In order to provide effective suggestions of the prevention and control of the pain, we analyzed and summarized the prophylactic effects of local anesthetics, opioids, anti-inflammatory drugs, general anesthetics, and adrenoceptor drugs, anti-epileptic drug etc. These agents mentioned above can effectively prevent and control injection pain, but their disadvantages are also obvious. Therefore, more clinical researches are needed to explore more simple and effective prevention and control of injection pain.