Postoperative pain may cause strong pathophysiological responses in children due to their immature physiology and psychology, which may lead to physiological and psychological problems in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a safe and effective method for postoperative analgesia. Currently, multimodal analgesia and patients controlled analgesia (PCA) analgesia model are mainly recommended, which however do not achieve the optimal effects. In the present review, we summarize the characteristic of pediatric postoperative pain, pain assessment, analgesic methods and the research progress in anesthetics, which can provide evidence for clinical application and research of postoperative analgesia in pediatric department of neurosurgery.