【Abstract】Background Pregnancy-related low back pain is a common pathological condition during pregnancy and postpartum, which can significantly affect the normal work and life of pregnant women. Neuraxial anesthesia is the most useful technology for cesarean section and labour analgesia, and the relationship between neuraxial anesthesia and pregnancy related low back pain has been a hot topic in obstetric anesthesiology research. Objective The research progress of neuraxial and pregnancy-related low back pain is reviewed. Content The research progress on the definition and the prevalence rate of pregnancy- related low back pain and the correlation between pregnancy-related low back pain and neuraxial anesthesia were reviewed. Trend The current evidence does not support neuraxial anesthesia increase the incidence of pregnancy-related low back pain. Future studies should explore the correlation between epidural anesthesia and pregnancy- related low back pain and how to prevent the conversion of acute pregnancy-related low back pain to chronic pain.