With the increase of the aging population in China, the frailty of some elderly patients is becoming more and more concerned. Relevant studies have shown that the incidence of complications and mortality after surgery are increased in patients with frailty. Moreover, the length of hospitalization is prolonged. How to correctly identify and evaluate patients with frailty and make correspondent improvements during perioperative period deserve our careful consideration. This article introduces the evaluation method of frailty and the significance of perioperative period, which covers the relevant measures to improve the frailty. We hope the frailty assessment will be an important reference index for the perioperative period of elderly patients in the near future.