随着外科技术的发展，越来越多的婴幼儿及孕妇需要在全身麻醉下接受手术治疗，全身麻醉药对孕晚期和处于发育高峰期的婴幼儿的神经毒性作用及其相关机制的研究一直是人们关注的热点问题。在全身麻醉药对发育神经元的神经毒性作用中，γ‑氨基丁酸A（γ‑aminobutyric acid A, GABAA）受体的兴奋性毒性作用是可能的机制之一。文章探讨GABAA受体及其信号通路在全身麻醉药对发育神经元神经毒性作用中的可能机制，深入探讨和理解GABAA受体及其上下游信号调节通路，尤其是无赖氨酸（with‑no‑lysine, WNKs）‑SPS1‑相关脯氨酸‑富丙氨酸激酶（SPS1‑related proline/alanine‑rich kinase, SPAK）/氧化应激反应蛋白（oxidative stress‑responsive 1 protein, OSR1）信号通路与全身麻醉药的神经毒性作用的关系，为未来减轻全身麻醉药的神经毒性作用提供新思路和新靶点。
With the development of surgical technology, more and more infants and pregnant women require surgery under general anesthesia. The neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on late pregnancy and the development of infants and babies and related mechanisms have always been a hot topic. The excitotoxicity of γ‑aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor is one of the possible mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on developmental neurons. This review is designed to investigate the possible mechanism of GABAA receptor and its signaling pathways in the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on developmental neurons. Meanwhile, in‑depth study and understanding of the relationship between GABAA receptor and its upstream and downstream signal pathways, especially the with‑no‑lysine (WNKs)‑SPS1‑related proline/alanine‑rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress‑responsive 1 protein (OSR1) signal pathway, and the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on developmental neurons is done, so as to provide new ideas and targets for reducing the neurotoxicity of general anesthetics in the future.
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