Recent studies have shown that cell metabolism plays an important role in the regulation and function of immune cells. By targeting the regulation of immune cells in the metabolic pathway, the generation, effect and outcome of immune response can be affected, the occurrence and development of certain immune pathology could also be influenced. Further study of the metabolic characteristics of immune cells and the relevant regulatory mechanisms can offer more theoretical basis for targeting metabolism in the treatment of immune diseases and establish the foundation for the research of novel targeted medicine. The aim of this article is to introduce the progress of the application of targeting metabolism in the treatment of immune disorders, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of different immune cells and their regulatory mechanisms and introduce the application of targeting metabolism in bone marrow transplantation, solid organ transplantation, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sepsis.