Dexmedetomidine(Dex) served as a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist, which exhibits sedation, analgesia, anti-anxiety, diuresis effects and so on． Meanwhile, it has low side-effects including respiratory depression and brain electrical interference. As it′s widely used as analgesic and sedative depressant tranquilizer application in clinic. Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury is a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. It is of great significance to implement reasonable renal protection strategies, and optimization of perioperative medications may be an important strategy in renal protection. Recent studies show that Dex has renoprotection. This paper reviews the renoprotection of Dex and the possible mechanisms, which may able to make people further understood the renal protective effect and possible mechanisms of Dex, so as to reasonable application Dex to improve the prognosis of related patients.