Mitochondria is the main site for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of ATP. It plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, regulating the production of reactive oxygen species, maintaining energy balance and metabolism and inducing programmed cell death. There is increasing evidence that mitochondria can transfer between cells, having protective or harmful effects on the body. Multiple modes have been found to mediate mitochondrial transfer. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. It has been found that mitochondrial transfer plays a significant role in the recovery of various central nervous system diseases. In this review, a brief summary that will be presented on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial transfer and its mechanism, and advances in mitochondrial transfer involved in central nervous system diseases.