Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To evaluate clinical application of the ProVent Score in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) after surgery in intensive care unit (ICU).　Methods　A total of 124 patients who required PMV after surgery in ICU in five tertiary-care hospitals in Beijing between January 2007 and June 2016 were enrolled into this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Data included age (50-64 years and ≥65 year), platelet count on the 21st day of mechanical ventilation, the use of vasoactive drugs and renal replacement therapy (currently or within 48 h) were collected. The predictive effect of the ProVent Score on 1-year mortality in patients requiring PMV in ICU after surgery was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).　Results　In this study, 124 patients were enrolled, with a cumulative 1-year mortality of 74.2% (92/124). The ProVent Score can predict 1-year mortality in patients with PMV after surgery, with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.69 [95%CI 0.58-0.80, P=0.001]. Survival curves incorporating two classification of the ProVent Score (≤1 vs. ≥2) showed statistically significant differences (Log-rank test: P=0.018).　Conclusions　The ProVent Score can be used to predict 1-year mortality in patients requiring PMV after surgery in ICU. Patients with the ProVent Score not less than 2 usually show poor prognosis.