Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, TRPV1, also known as capsaicin receptor and vanilla receptor 1, is a subfamily of transient receptor potential proteome, It plays a pivotal role in ischemia reperfusion injury. TRPV1 was first discovered on sensory neurons and is also widely expressed in internal organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs. After activation of various conditions, the TRPV1 channel reduces free radical production, neutrophil infiltration, and release of inflammatory factors through a series of signaling cascades, thereby alleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. This article reviews the research progress of the protective mechanism of TRPV1 channel activation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the future, the cardioprotective effects of TRPV1 may be further applied in the clinic.