全身麻醉药可干扰机体的昼夜节律，诱发术后睡眠紊乱，但其具体的机制尚未完全阐明。研究表明，全身麻醉药可通过激活γ‑氨基丁酸（γ‑aminobutyric acid, GABA）能受体、抑制NMDA受体引起昼夜节律紊乱。文章简要阐明全身麻醉药诱发睡眠紊乱的机制，重点阐释时钟基因（circadian locomotor output kaput, Clock）在其中发挥的作用，有助于改善围手术期患者的睡眠问题，以期推进舒适化医疗；通过进一步阐释昼夜节律对全身麻醉药的作用，有助于提高麻醉质量，实现精准麻醉。
General anesthetics may induce post‑operative sleep disturbance through disturbing circadian rhythm. However, the mechanisms involved have not been fully understood. Recent studies show that, general anesthetics activate γ‑aminobutyric acid (GABA)‑ergic receptors and inhibit N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate (NMDA) receptors to disturb circadian rhythm. The current review introduces the mechanisms underlying sleep disturbance induced by general anesthetics and thoroughly discusses the role of circadian locomotor output kaput (Clock) genes involved, which will improve sleep problems and promote comfortable medical care for perioperative patients. Further investigation into how circadian rhythm affects general anesthetics is helpful to improve anesthesia quality and achieve precise anesthesia.
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