Neuropathic pain is one of the most challenging neurological diseases. Due to variable etiology and complex symptoms, currently common therapeutic drugs such as anti-epileptic drugs, antidepressants, NMDA antagonists and opioids, have poor effects on pain relief. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain has become a top priority. Inflammasome, as a polyprotein complex, activates caspase-1 and IL- 1β, which are involved in the inflammatory response. NLRP3, as the most typical inflammasome, has been extensively studied to play a key role in the neuropathic pain. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in different neuropathic pain models and discuss the new progress between NLPR3 inhibitors and neuropathic pain, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research and provide new insights into the treatment of neuropathic pain in the future.