Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a phenomenon that tissue damage is aggravated after the blood supply of ischemic lung tissue is restored. LIRI can cause pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, and even respiratory failure. Up to now, there have been many types of research on LIRI. This paper reviews the researches on LIRI at home and abroad, briefly describes the mechanism of LIRI and the corresponding lung protection strategies, summarizes the current research progress in the prevention and treatment of LIRI to provide a reference for clinical practice.