Kidney transplantation is the best choice to treat end‑stage renal disease. To avoid the limitation of cadaveric kidney donation, a large amount of people tends to choose living kidney transplantation (LKT) which can dramatically enhance the survival rate of the recipients. While living kidney donors (LKDs) physiological healthy state received much attention, the mental health states of the donors were largely ignored. The article focuses on the incidence, influencing factors, hazards of perioperative anxiety in LKDs and presents research on the assessment of perioperative anxiety and methods to alleviate perioperative anxiety. The aim is to provide a reference for improving the perioperative mental health of LKDs and ensuring minimal physical and psychological harm in the perioperative period of LKDs.