Acute renal injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. The incidence of AKI in children reaches up to 42% after cardiac surgery and the development of AKI is associated with perioperative mortality. This review fo⁃ cuses on the occurrence, pathogenesis, risk factors, prediction and prevention strategies of AKI in children with congenital heart dis⁃ ease after operation, and summarizes the latest progress about the high risk factors of AKI in children with congenital heart disease af⁃ ter operation and preventive strategies, so as to provide evidence for rational use and avoid risks.