Three⁃dimensional (3D) printing has been widely used in various fields, but its application in anesthesiology is still in an early stage despite it has already shown bright prospects. In this review, we summarized the applications and frontier area of 3D printing in simulation teaching, clinical and basic research in anesthesiology and aimed to promote further applications of this tech⁃ nique in anesthesiology. Despite the present shortcomings, with the development of technology and material science, the application of 3D printing in anesthesiology will be more flourishing in the future.