国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2021, Issue (8): 16-16
    
肝硬化患者肝移植术前衰弱评估与预康复
刘正律, 谢郭豪, 方向明1()
1.浙江大学医学院附属第一医院麻醉科
Preoperative frailty assessment and prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation
 全文:
摘要:

衰弱指多系统器官生理功能储备下降导致机体易损性增加、抗应激能力减退的非特异性状态,是肝硬化患者肝移植围手术期发生不良临床结局的重要危险因素。文章一方面围绕衰弱评估,主要介绍了Fried衰弱表型(评估项目包括:体重下降、疲乏感、握力、步行速度、体力活动量)和肝脏衰弱指数(评估项目包括:握力、“坐‑立”计时测试、平衡能力)在肝硬化患者肝移植术前应用的实施方法、临床意义及其优缺点;另一方面围绕预康复,描述了针对肝硬化患者术前衰弱的营养支持、运动治疗、药物治疗等措施的实践途径以及相关证据。旨在为肝移植术前管理提供基于衰弱评估与预康复的改进策略,以期优化此类患者术前健康状况,从而改善其预后。

关键词: 衰弱; 肝硬化; 肝移植; 术前评估; 预康复
Abstract:

Frailty denotes a nonspecific clinical condition characterized by a decrease of physiological reservation in multiple organ systems, which makes individuals extremely vulnerable to stressors. Emerging evidences show that frailty is a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis who experience liver transplantation. On one hand, this review mainly describes assessment methods, clinical implications, advantages and disadvantages of Fried Frailty Phenotype (consisting of weight loss, exhaustion, grip strength, walking speed, and physical activity) and Liver Frailty Index (consisting of grip strength, chair stands, and balance), which are used for patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. On the other hand, we present some evidence‑based pre‑rehabilitation methods (including nutritional support, exercise therapy, and drug intervention) before liver transplantation for preventing the frailty of patients with cirrhosis. This review aimed to provide a clinical strategy based on frailty assessment and pre‑rehabilitation program for contributing to preoperative management in liver transplant recipients. Furthermore, this strategy can also improve the prognosis of these patients by improving patients' fitness before surgery.

Key words: Frailty; Cirrhosis; Liver transplantation; Preoperative evaluation; Prehabilitation