The 'brain gut axis' refers to the interaction between brain and gut to regulate immune responses of the body. Sepsis is a common and high‑risk syndrome of organ damage caused by abnormal reactions during infection. Available evidences indicate that 'brain gut axis' plays an important role in sepsis. It has become a hot spot in the study of relationship between central nervous system and peripheral organs. This review focuses on the interaction between brain and gut from two aspects: ① How reward system and limbic system regulate intestinal immune through brain‑gut axis？ ② How intestinal epithelial cells, gut microbes and metabolites, and enteric nervous system alter brain immune through gut‑brain axis？ This review summarizes the impact of 'brain gut axis' on the occurrence and development of sepsis, which provides new ideas of immunotherapy of sepsis.