Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of pain caused by damage and dysfunction of the somatosensory system. The pathogenesis of NP is complex, which is related to immune regulation. Macrophages are important immune cells in the body, which participate in the formation of peripheral and central sensitization after nerve injury through auto polarization and neuroimmune to promote the development of NP. This review summarizes the role of macrophages in NP. Studying the role of macrophages in the formation and development of NP may provide a new direction for the treatment of NP.