Three‑dimensional (3D) printing technology has made significant progress and has numerous applications over the past few decades. It has been widely used in medicine, including 3D imaging, modeling, surgical planning, medical education, and training. However, it has not been commonly used in anesthesia. This review provides an introduction to 3D printing and discusses the current state of 3D printing in clinical anesthesia, including pre‑anesthetic planning, preoperative airway assessment, making customized anesthetic tools and airway devices. Besides, it also summarizes the application of 3D printing in simulated anesthetic education, such as simulated endotracheal intubation, arteriovenous catheterization, neuraxial anesthesia, or an ultrasound‑guided nerve block. Furthermore, 3D printing technology provided personal protective equipment, face shield, mask, and even ventilators for anesthetists all over the world during the COVID‑19 pandemic.