围手术期神经认知障碍（perioperative neurocognitive disorders, PND）是麻醉和手术相关的常见并发症，其机制和干预研究一直以来都是麻醉和围手术期医学领域的热点和重点问题。目前，大量证据证实肠道菌群与大脑之间存在着重要的交互关联，称为肠‑脑轴。肠道菌群是肠‑脑轴重要一环，其稳态对神经认知功能起着重要的调控作用。文章基于目前的研究，就麻醉和外科手术对肠道菌群的影响，肠道菌群失调在PND中的作用及其潜在机制，以及通过调节肠道菌群对PND的干预作用等方面进行综述，以期为临床及科学研究提供参考。
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is an adverse complication associated with anesthesia and surgery. The mechanisms and therapies of PND are currently hot and essential topics of medical research. Accumulated evidences indicate that the function and microenvironment of the brain are substantially influenced by gut microbes. The connection between intestinal microbes and the brain is termed as gut‑brain axis. In this review, we summarized literatures related to effects of anesthesia and surgery on gut microbiota, the role of dysbiosis in perioperative cognitive impairment and effects of rectification of dysbiosis on perioperative cognitive impairment. The aim of the present article is to provide evidence for uncovering the pathological mechanism and exploring preventive and therapeutic strategy of PND.
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