Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of general anesthesia combined with quadratus psoas block (QLB) on renal transplantation. Methods According to the random number table method, 50 patients were divided into two groups (n=25): a QLB group and a control group. In the QLB group, QLB was performed under ultrasound guidance on the operating side before surgery, while 25 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine was given before general anesthesia. The control group received general anesthesia alone. The primary outcomes were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at resting and during movement 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 h and 48 h after surgery, as well as the dose of sufentanil in each time period within 48 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the intraoperative dosage of remifentanil and propofol, the number of compression on the analgesic pump of patient‑controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) within 48 h after surgery, and adverse reactions. Results The QLB group showed lower VAS scores at resting and during movement 0, 2, 6, 12 h and 24 h after surgery than the control group. Compared with the control group, the QLB group presented decreases in the dose of sufentanil 2‒6 h, 6‒12 h, 12‒24 h, and 24‒48 h after surgery, the intraoperative dosage of remifentanil and propofol, and the times of compression on PCIA analgesia pump 0‒24 h after surgery, and the incidence of postoperative nausea (P<0.05). There were no statistical difference as to other indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with the use of PCIA after surgery alone, QLB can significantly relieve postoperative pain in renal transplantation patients and reduce the dosages of sedative and analgesic agents during and after surgery.