Scoliosis is a three‑dimensional deformity of the spinal column. With the development of the disease, patients may suffer from cardiopulmonary function impairment, multifunctional limitation, spinal cord compression, to even paralysis. Severe scoliosis requires surgical correction. The spinal deformity correction is a high‑risk procedure, with a long operative time, massive blood loss, and the possibility of multiple surgeries. Some patients are comorbined with congenital disease. Thus, perioperative management for these patients is very challenging work. This article aims to review the characteristics of patients with scoliosis (including low body weight, difficult airway, and impaired cardiopulmonary function), different surgical procedures (including spinal release, thoracoplasty, spinal fusion and correction, and debridement), and the focus of perioperative management (including airway management, intraoperative monitoring, fluid therapy, ventilation and analgesic strategies), to provide valuable references for clinical work.