Motor neuron disease (MND) is a group of relatively rare disease with rapid progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect the inherent muscle and cause the respiratory insufficiency. Certain precautions should be taken during anesthetic care of MND patients due to the high possibility of postoperative respiratory complications. Based on relevant literature, the clinical character of MND, the type of the surgery, the estimation of the anesthetic and surgical risk, the choice of anesthetic method and narcotic drug and perioperative complications were introduced, which aimed to provide a reference for clinical practice.