Fat transplantation was originally used for volume filling and contour modification, but with the exploration of clinical application, people found that the fat transplantation can be used to treat postoperative scar pain, Raynaud's syndrome and other diseases. The therapeutic effect of autologous fat on pain may be related to its mechanical protection effects on the nervous system and other tissues, its anti‑inflammatory effect, and the effect of adipose factor and mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue. In this review, the recent studies on the application of fat transplantation in pain treatment are reviewed to explore whether fat transplantation can be used as a new treatment technique in pain treatment so that it can provides ideas for future clinical and basic research.