Objective To investigate the risk factors of neonatal hypoxemia after ophthalmologic surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Based on the value of postoperative oxygen saturation, 96 infants who underwent elective ophthalmological surgery under general anesthesia in our hospital from February 2015 to January 2020 were divided into the Non‑hypoxemia group (normal oxygenation group, n=54) and the hypoxemia group (hypoxemia group, n=42). Single‑factor Logistic regression was performed on variables with statistical differences between the groups, and variables with P<0.2 in the single‑factor regression were included in the multivariate Logistic regression to explore the related risk factors of factors of hypoxemia in the infants. Results The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age [odds ratio (OR)=4.614, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.753‒12.113，P=0.003], combined with underlying diseases (OR=2.405, 95%CI 1.105‒6.427，P=0.046), crying before surgery (OR=6.533, 95%CI 2.062‒20.693，P=0.012) and the use of opioids (OR=12.947, 95%CI 3.286‒51.069，P<0.001) were independent risk factors for hypoxemia in infants after general anesthesia undergoing ophthalmological surgery. Conclusions Low gestational age, combined with underlying diseases, crying before surgery, and opioid use were independent risk factors for hypoxemia of infants after general anesthesia. To a certain extent, avoiding crying before surgery and reducing the use of opioids during surgery would lower the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia.