Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are associated with patients' high morbidity, disability, and perioperative mortality and prolonging patients' hospital stays. Many studies have shown that the emergence and development mechanism of PND are involved with an inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, there is urgently needed to explore the pathogenesis of PND. The current studies have found that mitochondrial energy metabolism and some biological changes are related to the emergence and development of PND. So, this article review the research progress of occurrence and development mechanism of PND involving mitochondria, including related factors of PND, mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitophagy, and mitochondrial‑related genes and metabolic pathways.