The dopaminergic system dysfunction can directly regulate pain sensation by enhancing or decreasing the transmission of nociceptive signals and indirectly regulating pain sensation by affecting the expectation, experience, and interpretation of nociceptive signals. This paper reviews the functional anatomy of the central dopamine nervous system and elucidates the crucial role of dopamine in pain. This study aims to provide new ideas and directions for treating a series of pain symptoms by exploring the role of dopamine in natural analgesia.