Tracheal diverticulum is a benign lesion involving the trachea and the main bronchus. It is characterized by a paratracheal air cyst caused by limited expansion of the tracheal wall. Because of the abnormal anatomical structure, the patients with tracheal diverticulum may have emergency airway events, which makes the perioperative anesthesia management special. This paper introduces the epidemiology and anatomical basis of tracheal diverticulum, perioperative anesthesia management (preoperative evaluation, selection of anesthesia methods, respiratory management, anesthesia resuscitation) and prevention and treatment of common complications, in order to provide reference for perioperative management of patients with tracheal diverticulum.