Ischemic brain injury is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease, which damages the brain tissue by deprivation of blood flow and oxygen, as a leading disease of mortality and disability. As the study of biomarkers in clinical practice, its role in ischemic brain injury is gradually appreciated. Applying molecular biology to detect specific biomarkers of ischemic brain injury to achieve early diagnosis and timely intervention of the disease has important implications for improving prognosis. Therefore, this paper reviews the present results of the biomarkers associated with ischemic brain injury, such as biochemical markers related to the inflammatory response, neurological serum markers, non⁃coding ncRNA, and serum ferritin.