经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS）是一种新型无创脑刺激技术，通过微弱电流作用于大脑皮质，通过调节大脑皮质神经元兴奋性、增强神经可塑性，改善神经系统功能。近年来，tDCS以其安全、高效、便携等优点，在神经精神疾病等脑功能调控领域广泛应用，但其在围术期医学领域中的研究较少。文章主要从tDCS的作用机制、围手术期应用及前景、不良反应等方面概述其在围术期医学中的研究现状和发展趋势，为其更好地应用于临床提供参考。
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a new non‑invasive brain stimulation technique, which regulates the excitability of cortical neurons, enhances neural plasticity, and improves nervous system function by applying weak electrical current to the cerebral cortex. In recent years, tDCS has been widely used in neuropsychiatric diseases due to its advantages of safety, efficiency and portability, but it is rarely studied in the field of perioperative medicine. This review mainly summarizes the research status and development trend of tDCS in perioperative medicine from the aspects of its mechanism of action, perioperative application prospect and adverse reactions, so as to provide a reference for facilitating its clinical application.
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