NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NOD like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3）炎症小体是参与炎症反应的一种复合物，已被证实参与了急性肺损伤（acute lung injury, ALI）的发生、发展，其激活机制非常复杂，线粒体活性氧（reactive oxygen species, ROS）以及线粒体DNA（mitochondria DNA, mtDNA）的积累会激活NLRP3炎症小体，但线粒体在NLRP3炎症小体介导ALI过程中所发挥的作用远不止如此，阐明临床上各种类型的肺损伤激活线粒体⁃NLRP3炎症小体通路的完整机制可能为未来治疗相关疾病提供新的思路。文章就NLRP3炎症小体的结构、线粒体⁃NLRP3炎症小体通路的激活机制及其在ALI中的作用展开综述，为ALI的临床治疗提供新的思路与策略。
NOD like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex involved in the inflammatory response and is involved in the development of acute lung injury (ALI), with a complex activation mechanism. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Still, the role of mitochondria in the NLRP3 inflammasome⁃mediated ALI is much more than that, and the elucidation of the complete mechanism of activation of the mitochondria⁃NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in various types of ALI may provide new ideas for the future treatment of related diseases. This article reviews the structure of NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation mechanism of the mitochondrial⁃NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and its role in ALI to provide new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of ALI.
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