近年来，研究发现全身麻醉药导致的意识消失‑恢复与自然睡眠‑觉醒之间有相似之处。而丘脑的多个核团及相关环路在这一过程中扮演重要角色。文章重点阐述丘脑非特异性核团在全身麻醉过程中的作用机制。目前，丘脑室旁核（thalamic paraventricular nucleus, PVT）、丘脑中央内侧核（centralmedial thalamus, CMT）和丘脑腹内侧核(ventromedial thalamic nucleus, VM) 均已被证实直接参与调节睡眠和觉醒期皮质神经元活动，并介导睡眠期向觉醒期的转换，这些核团的兴奋性水平与全身麻醉过程中意识的消失和恢复密切相关。深入研究丘脑非特异性核团的神经元类型、神经生理学机制和在全身麻醉中的作用机制具有重要意义。这不仅有助于更好地理解全身麻醉药物导致的意识消失与恢复机制，还有助于新型全身麻醉药物的研发和深入了解其作用靶点。
In recent years, studies have reported the similarities between loss of consciousness‑recovery caused by general anesthesia and natural sleep‑awakening. The multiple nuclei and related circuits of the thalamus play important roles in this process. The article will focus on the mechanism of action of non‑specific nuclei in the thalamus during general anesthesia. At present, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), the central medial thalamus (CMT), and the ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VM) have all been confirmed to be directly involved in regulating cortical neuronal activity during sleep and awakening, and mediating the transition from sleep to awakening. The excitability of these nuclei are closely related to loss of consciousness and recovery during general anesthesia. It is of great significance to investigate thalamic nonspecific nuclei, especially the neuronal types, neurophysiological mechanisms and mechanisms of action in general anesthesia. This will not only help us better understand the mechanism of loss of consciousness and recovery due to general anesthetics, but also contribute to the research and development of new general anesthetics and in‑depth understanding of their targets.
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