高流量湿化氧疗（humidified high flow nasal cannula, HFNC）在临床中的应用越来越广泛，因其具有最大流量可达80 L/min、氧气加湿、加热度高达100%等特点，可以更好地挽救患者生命；但存在临床适应证把握不当造成气管插管延迟、延误治疗的情况。文章从HFNC生理学效应出发，对近几年来HFNC在不同人群临床治疗及围手术期应用进展做进一步阐述，以期为临床合理使用HFNC提供更多参考。
In recent years, humidified high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been widely used in clinical practice, which can deliver 100% heated and humidified oxygen at a maximum flow rate of 80 L/min, and save more lives of patients. However, improper application of HFNC may result in delayed tracheal intubation and air leakage. This review explains the physiological effects of HFNC, and summarizes the recent progress on HFNC application in different population groups and in the perioperative period, so as to provide more evidence for rational use of HFNC respiratory support in clinical practice.
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