Sevoflurane is a common general anesthetic that can be used for inhalation induction and anesthesia maintenance. Recent years have seen some research progress on the mechanism of unconsciousness caused by sevoflurane. Studies concerning microscopic molecular targets have confirmed that type A receptors for γ‑aminobutyric acid (GABA) (GABAA), nicotinic acetylcholine (Ach) receptors, and hyperpolarization‑activated cyclic nucleotid‑gated (HCN) channels are potential targets for loss of consciousness induced by sevoflurane, but the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored. In terms of mesoscopic neural circuits，multiple nucleus and neural circuits related to sleep‑awake are involved in the sevoflurane‑induced loss of consciousness. In addition, macroscopic non‑invasive brain imaging techniques have revealed changes in consciousness‑related neural oscillations, functional connectivity, and network topology under sevoflurane anesthesia. This review introduces the mechanism of unconsciousness induced by sevoflurane from multiple aspects, which provides substantial evidence for monitoring clinical consciousness and lays a foundation for realizing precision anesthesia.