Objective: To explore the effect of the 10°reverse-Trendelenburg position combined with dolasetron on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods: From January to February 2021,a total of 150 female patients undergoing thyroid surgery in the Affiliated Hospital Of XuZhou Medical University were enrolled by convenient sampling method，and divided into the control group and the observation group using random digital table method with 75 cases each.The patients in the control group received dolasetron only (group D) ，and the observation group received the 10°reverse-Trendelenburg position combined with dolasetron (group T). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the 48h postoperative period was compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 34.7% (25/72) in the dolasetron group and 12.5% (9/72) in the 10°reverse-Trendelenburg position combined with dolasetron. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.72, p=0.002). Conclusion: The 10°reverse-Trendelenburg position combined with dolasetron is more effective than dolasetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing thyroid surgery.