The lung‑brain axis is a complex bidirectional network of functional connections between the nervous system and the lungs. In recent years, with the increasing concerns on microorganisms in biomedicine, the important role of lung microbiota in lung‑brain communication is gradually being revealed. Clinically, pulmonary diseases and nervous system diseases are often dependent on each other in the form of comorbidities. Therefore, it is of great significance to deepen the studies on the principles and signaling pathways of the lung‑brain axis in regulating diseases. This article reviews the research progress on the bidirectional communication network between lung microbes and the brain, in order to provide new thoughts for further understanding the interaction between the central nervous system and the lungs, discovering new targets for drug action, and exploring new therapeutic schemes. 【Key words】 Lung‑brain axis; Lung; Central nervous system; Microorganism