Visceral pain is one of the most common clinical conditions and remains a challenge in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine, a drug commonly used in perioperative and intensive care units, has shown favorable visceral analgesic effects in both clinical and basic studies, and has bring new analgesic strategies for visceral pain. This review summarized the profile and mechanisms of visceral pain, and reviewed the clinical evidence of dexmedetomidine treatment of visceral pain in recent years, compared the modes of administration and dosages used in the treatment of visceral pain by dexmedetomidine, and discussed the novel pharmacological formulations of dexmedetomidine, as well as summarized the research advances on the mechanism of dexmedetomidine treatment of visceral pain, which would provide the basis and ideas for both clinical practice and basic research.