Objective To analyze the current condition of airway management in the department of anesthesiology in public hospitals of Guangxi, and discuss improvement methods. Methods A Tencent questionnaire was distributed via WeChat to anesthesiologists in public hospitals of Guangxi. The questionnaire included general information of anesthesiologists, anesthesia department personnel, equipment configuration, allocation of airway tools, airway management training and mastery, and airway management needed to be improved. Results A total of 637 valid questionnaires were collected from 126 public hospitals (including 57 tertiary hospitals and 69 secondary hospitals) of Guangxi, where 508 (79.7%) of the questionnaires were from tertiary hospitals and 129 (20.3%) from secondary hospitals. Each operating room was equipped with 1.4 anesthesiologists, 1.1 anesthesia machines, and 0.8 end‑expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure monitor, with the laryngeal mask allocation rate of 80.2%. Furthermore, 48.0% of the anesthesiologists had participated in difficult airway training courses; 22.8%‒55.7% of the anesthesiologists had an understanding of different versions of difficult airway management processes, and 35.5% of the anesthesiologists mastered the use of fiberoptic/electronic soft bronchoscopy. Conclusions Shortage of anesthesiologists still exist in public hospitals of Guangxi and the allocation of airway management resources still need to be further improved.