右美托嘧啶（DEX）是一种高选择性的α2-肾上腺素受体（α2AR）激动剂，于2000年3月在美国首次上市，它与α2、α1肾上腺素受体结合的比例是1620：1(比可乐定高8倍)。它的半衰期比可乐定短，消除半衰期为2h，分布半衰期为6min，其较短的分布半衰期使其成为一种理想的静脉注射药。右美托嘧啶具有镇静、抗焦虑和镇痛作用，还有抗交感、抑制应激反应、稳定血流动力学和减少麻醉剂用量的作用，且无呼吸抑制。本文对右美托嘧啶的药理学特点和围术期临床应用进展进行介绍。
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective a2 adrenoreceptor agonist .It has been soled for the first time in March,2000 in America.Dexmedetomidine has an a2：a1 adrenoreceptor affinity ratio of approximately 1620:1( eight times higher than clonidine). The half-life of dexmedetomidine is shorter than clonidine.The elimination half-life of dexmedetomidine is 2h and the distribution half-life of dexmedetomidine is 6min. The short half-life of dexmedetomidine makes it an ideal drug for intravenous titration.Dexmedetomidine has been shown to have sedative,anxiolytic and analgesic effects.It has also been shown to have effects of antisympathetic, ,restrain stress reaction,stabilize hemodynamic responses and reduce anesthetic requirments., but without relevant respiratory depression.This review aims to present the pharmacological properties and perioperative use of dexmedetomidine.
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