【Abstract】Summary Acute lung injury is a common clinical Intensive. The r-esults show that TGF-β signaling pathway play important role in the develop-ment of it fibrosis. Purpose This paper summarizes TGF-β signaling pathway as-sociated with lung injury and fibrosis in the mechanism of the literature. Content This article describes the biological properties of TGF-β, activation, and the pos-sible mechanisms in lung fibrosis; dependent samds protein's TGF-β signaling p-athway and "dialogue" with other path ways; the role of caveolin-1 in pulmona-ry fibrosis and TGF-β signaling pathway; TGF signaling pathway as a target of treatment. Trend TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury fibrosis. TGF-β and Smad protein expression in a variety of time positioning, the significance of the different s-mad proteins, the specific regulation and feedback regulation mechanism, the inte-raction of cytokine network, a possible link between signaling pathway remains to be gradually revealed. With further research, regulation of TGF-β and its sign-aling protein may be the new and effective target treatment of ARDS in the furture.